This issue is dedicated to people and communities whose construction skills are scarce, void or otherwise make mistakes inherited from their predecessors.
The idea is that anyone without knowledge in construction to learn the basic reasoning for proper completion of the work and thus can build a home for maintenance while minimizing the risks commonly found in such structures.
We will begin preparing the ground to build and understand the elements involved in developing of your final product.
These rules are aimed at low-income people who lack sufficient purchasing power to obtain your home, or wait for the government to resolve the situation.
but he's really building interest, the economic contribution to pay for obtaining the roof itself and that a small family group can easily build your desired home, in this case we refer to a component of at least three people with Certain tools are easily accessible in a manner consonant help lift the building.
start with a list of indispensable tools for the job daily and does not need them all at once, there is also the source of help to neighbors or borrow tools to work together in this goal.
Namely first thing we need is the crew chief and his assistants
1 1 ladder truck that can be set up in wood, but must be well made to withstand the onslaught to grind is going to play
1 shower the type of those used in gardens
1 tobo for mixing, generally it is now widely used paint kegs empty saw
1 1 1 cegueta
wooden brush 1 medium large wooden brush sickle
1 or machete
1 square that can be prepared well in wood chisel
1
1 hatchet 1 lime 2 tablespoons mixing
1 guaral strong string or tape
1 of at least 5 meters
1-foot thick plank approximately 1 punt
fine blend can be wood
1 level 1 brush frieze, either plastic or constructed of wood.
1 rule of gear, either a rectangular tube or tree without bending
1 large sieve, which can be half ½ inches tiles and the other half for sifting sand molds
1 pusher and 10, 15 and 20 cms wide for soil-cement blocks (and to designate a how to build)
1 plumb
1 hammer
3 brushes, small, medium and large
1 Berbiquiú with wicks ½ "and ¾" (if you have the ease of getting a drill and no electricity, the better)
1 peak 2 blades
1 Chicora
1 small and one large ram
Several casks for water if they are scarce, but at least 1 for easy access and then to be used for asphalting
Forcourse enough nails 3 "2" and 1 ½ ", as well as rod bolts ½" with nuts for joining beams and wooden beams.
As you will see are simple tools and easily obtained through purchase or loan.
materials needed to build the first phase of construction would be:
-Cement in bags
-Earth, which is the most abundant material at no cost and the most we will use clean-Water
-Asphalt-Cal
solid oxide powder and prepare paint coloring.
Many times we see earth houses cement or adobe with some distaste and rejection, often because of poor practice in this building system that often leaves halfway there and their deterioration is evident in a short time.
there are many buildings in Venezuela today, under this system well-crafted and finished to have a data life of more than 400 years.
A closer look at the old hacienda buildings maintained, we see the flavor of this type of construction, cool, strong, spacious and psychologically adapted to our environment and surroundings.
Well we can not get decent housing, much more than the avant-garde buildings city madness and manufacturers stress that we strive to call modern housing and technology, but manufacturers of spiritual disease and therefore physical illness, which leads to the destruction and human, to be more social distancing despite living in society. Well
who have that said to live in peace but in need, this small contribution will make it more hungry for the new couples are formed to develop family and why not .. Those who have not had a chance to get them, either through ignorance and their reduced income, which sees the solution to your dreams, at a time where materialism is the one who dictates the standard. Well! up and let us start from now to make our oasis. All that remains and is Most importantly, WILL !.... Let's start
:
1 .- Preparation and knowledge of our soil and ground
Usually whenever we learn that the hardness is a symbol of resistance and therefore the more cement has a building, the more resistant ... obvious! ... .. ERROR!
this simple example ... Let's build a cube of 10 cm with concrete tight and let's put next to a small rubber ball ... the kind that cost one in my real time in warehouses or shops on the people. let us pass over a steamroller of those used to pave streets and tell me what happens. The concrete bucket'm gutted while the ball is deformed and only returned to its original position, leaving intact.
we show this is not going to build houses made of rubber, but if you know how to use good materials for a solid construction, robust and cost, using the materials in perfect combination, which we will reflect appropriate use of especially when used cement, which is our most expensive material used.
is why the first step is to know our land, to see how much we mix it with cement. To do this we use the method of dosing, explained in one of the themes of this blog.
Soil Preparation
Sifting
Once known as our administration for building the components, we now turn to the Preparation of the Earth.
Because the land has good composition of diverse nature calls impurities in the field of construction that are unwanted in the preparation of the mixture, this should be selected for excavation below or call mulch and other plant waste pollutants and waste material product, so it is advisable to use land to a depth of at least 20 cms . Below the surface.
If the components of the earth has too little clay and sand, or should seek areas with aggregates of this type or pure sand add to the earth, it must be clean of organic waste and other pollutants and return ajentes to test dosage. Once the desired land, it must be stacked in small piles together, well stirred, so that is a mixture evenly visible to the eye (no streaks of colors).
should not have lumps, they should sprayed and dry if the soil is too wet . Once selected and must pass through the coarse sieve 8 to 10 mm mesh in order remove small lumps and large stones well as other foreign objects into the mix, guaranteeing that the cement does not penetrate between the clods and stones creating weaknesses that may affect the consistency of the construction elements.
the case of concrete floors can accept 4- stones cms. No dirt clods. In areas with many hard lumps impossible to spray beating should be moistened so that water weakens the compacting and can be sprayed more easily. In some cases this wetting can take several days.
Land is very sandy do not need or require the sifting; others however, because of its high clay content are compressed so that makes it difficult sifting, in this case it is better to dispense with them.
We have seen that the dosing tables are mixtures of 1 part cement to 16 parts 7 and ground, as the sand content. may be noted that the soil-cement material made of land that contain only one part sand (1 finger in the bottle test) is more expensive than land that has made 3 or 4 parts sand (3 or 4 fingers in the bottle.) For the reason noted, if the available land has a very low proportion of sand should be one of three things (1) Add a greater amount of cement wasteful thing in most cases, (2) Mix the original land other land that has as much sand, or (3) Add land that has sufficient amount of pure sand, even if that hauling it from somewhere else, just a matter of draw numbers to see which suit us more economically.
Once the land has been properly prepared, you stack and homogenized . Humidity
with the land already prepared, is mixed with the cement respecting the proportion obtained with the measurement and added with special attention to the amount of water needed for the final product is adequate.
often for comfort in the batter mix err by providing too much water which makes easy work of mixing and hauling.
of good quality, are responsible for both the right proportions of dry materials, soil and cement, as the liquid element, water. The latter can be said to be the overriding factor, because if the mixture becomes too dry or wet exes, both physical states are reflected more in the management of material and thereafter at the same consistency and durability.
A measurable proportion for water, but we know that in practice never takes this accounting out, so the easiest way to measure is through observation. For the proper humidity of the mixture it should be thick and not spill out sideways when you serve, you must have consistency and a certain plasticity. If the service runs as mud (very wet ) or else this will split or open (very dry), are indicative of poor moisture. The water used in the mixture should be as clean as possible, because the dirty water also reduces the resistance of the mixture contained harmful acids or chemical resistance material.
A simple way to test is as follows, once made the mixture takes a little with your hands and amaze as much as forming a round ball possible, with the ball in hand is dropped from a height of approximately 1.20 m at arm's length on a clean floor and drive.
If dropping the ball has broken down, means that the mixture has low humidity, very dry bone. on the contrary the whole but crushed permanese mass, means that the moisture content is satisfactory and we can start using it.
workability
To prepare the mixture, we must take as a measure of materials either the keg or cart, depending on how much to prepare.
The basis of all preparation is the keg and this should be used for all materials including cement and water, as equivalence table I below:
Equivalences:
1.75 = ditch and three quarters
ditch and half 1.50 = 1.25 =
ditch and fourth
1 sack of cement = gutter and
1 half bag of lime = 1 keg approx. (Country producer)
1 truck = 3 kegs keg
1 = 18.5 liters.
For example, if you need to prepare a mixture of 10 to 1, measure ten kegs of prepared land, which will mix a keg filled with cement.
other hand if we need to prepare the same proportion but many have more than 1 truck are 3 kegs, for which means that to prepare the same proportion but in larger quantities, we have 10 trucks = 30 kegs of land for a cement truck cement = 3 kegs. Once
as land preparation, is extended in a layer of 4 to 6 fingers thick, on which will extend the previously measured cement, trying to cover the entire land area. Then they start shoveling, shoveling turning the mixture until it became homogeneous color, which indicates that the mixture is ready to receive the water.
Many of these preparations if not all, get used to that once watered the cement by mixing with water before mixing paddle Preview of soil and cement, leaving areas without receiving the latter, causing further problems in the work as these parties tend to esboronarse by the lack of that element, in result a weak construction and poor quality.
It is therefore important that the mix is \u200b\u200balways a homogeneous color in all its stages.
Once the soil and cement were dry mixed properly, they spread with the shovel to go wetting them gradually, while they paddle until the moisture is uniform. If the soil has been moistened by rain does not need to be added more quantity, of water. Of course, the exact determination of moisture content of the mixture is quite difficult, as contained in the clay soil absorbs water in quantities that can not be determined with methods that are fast at the same time practical.
Once the desired mix, begin to use the different components of the construction stage, always remembering the intruduce casts a long rod into the concrete, knocking softly but repeatedly, so that no gaps air into the drain and create a unitary piece to end this.
